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Twitter to Investigate Auto-Crop Algorithm After Accusations of Racial Bias

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  • Twitter users believe they discovered a racial bias in an algorithm the platform uses to automatically select which part of an image it shows in a photo preview.
  • Many argued that the auto-cropping tool showed a white bias after testing the theory with photos of Black and white people, cartoon characters, and even dogs. 
  • However, others who tested the theory generated results that did not support this idea. Regardless, most users admit that these experiments have their limitations and agree that the current results at least show that this is something worth looking into.
  • The company released a statement saying it tested its system for bias in the past but admitted it needs to conduct further analysis of it. Online, Twitter employees seemed to welcome the public discourse and the company promised to share its results as well as further actions it may take.

Potential White Bias 

Twitter responded to concerns over its automatic cropping algorithm Sunday after users believed they discovered a racial bias in the tool.

In 2018, Twitter began auto-cropping photos in its timeline previews to prevent them from taking up too much space in the main feed and to allow multiple photos to appear in the same tweet. To do this, the company uses several algorithmic tools that focus on the most important part of the picture, like faces or text. 

However, users recently began to spot issues with the algorithm. The first person credited for highlighting a potential problem was PhD student Colin Madland. He made his discovery while highlighting a different racial bias he thinks he found on the video-conference company Zoom. 

Madland tweeted that when his Black colleague uses a virtual background on Zoom, his head is erased. When he uploaded examples to show this happening to his Black colleague and not himself, he noticed that Twitter was only showing his own face in its preview. 

Soon after, others followed up with more targetted experiments. Cryptographic and infrastructure engineer Tony Arcieri, for example, tweeted out two long images with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnel and Former President Barack Obama. 

The two photos have the politicians stacked on top of each other in different orders but with white space in between them. The experiment showed that Twitter would focus on McConnell, no matter what order the photos were stacked in.

Another user found that the algorithm even focused on McConnell when two photos of Obama were present in a single stack.

A similar white preference appeared in examples of Black and white men in suits, Simpsons characters Lenny and Carl, and even black and white dogs. 

Examples That Don’t Support White Bias Theory

Others looking into this theory of a white bias found results that did not support the idea. 

For example, one user found that photos of Obama were cropped for the preview over photos of Donald Trump. 

Still, some researching the trends noted that these experiments do have their limitations and are likely influenced by tons of other factors. Some believe the algorithm recognized high profile figures or considers brightness and contrast, among other photo elements.

Twitter’s Chief Design Officer (CDO), Dantley Davis, even suggested that the choice of cropping sometimes takes brightness of the background into consideration.

However, ohers found examples that rejected that idea. Regardless, all these tests did a lot to convince people that there was something worth looking at here, including Davis, who has been experimenting himself.

He’s not alone in his research. In fact, plenty of other Twitter users have been going to great lengths to track their results as they try to study what is going on.

Twitter Promises to Investigate 

On Sunday, a Twitter spokesperson eventually released a statement admitting that the company had work to do.

“Our team did test for bias before shipping the model and did not find evidence of racial or gender bias in our testing,” the company explained.

But it’s clear from these examples that we’ve got more analysis to do. We’ll continue to share what we learn, what actions we take, and will open source our analysis so others can review and replicate.” 

Davis also isn’t the only employee that has appeared to welcome all of this public discourse. The company’s Chief Technology Officer, Parag Argawal tweeted, “This is a very important question. To address it, we did analysis on our model when we shipped it, but needs continuous improvement. Love this public, open, and rigorous test — and eager to learn from this.”

See what others are saying; (The Next Web) (The Guardian) (Mashable

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Bioré Apologizes For Referencing School Shooting in Mental Health Ad Campaign 

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 “Our tonality was completely inappropriate. We are so sorry,” the skincare brand said.


Video Faces Backlash

The skincare brand Bioré apologized this week for partnering with a school shooting survivor as part of its Mental Health Awareness Month campaign. 

“We are committed to continuing our mental health mission, but we promise to do it in a better way,” the company said in an Instagram post on Sunday. 

Last week, influencer and recent Michigan State University graduate Cecilee Max-Brown posted a video to TikTok sponsored by Bioré where she discussed the numerous challenges she had faced throughout the year. Among them was a school shooting on her college’s campus, which killed three people in February. 

“Life has thrown countless obstacles at me this year, from the school shooting to having no idea what life is going to look like after college,” Max-Brown says in the video. “In honor of mental health awareness month, I’m partnering with Bioré skin care to strip away the stigma of anxiety. 

“We want you to get it all out, not only what’s in your pores, but most importantly, what’s on your mind, too,” she continued. 

In the 50-second video, Max-Brown went on to discuss more details about her mental health struggles, as well as how “seeing the effects of gun violence firsthand” has impacted her and led to “countless anxiety attacks.”

“I will never forget the feeling of terror that I had walking around campus for weeks in a place I considered home,” she said before closing the video by encouraging her followers to participate in Bioré’s mental health campaign.

Bioré Apologizes

The video ignited swift outrage from people who accused Bioré of using a school shooting to sell products. In its apology, the brand admitted the video was misguided. 

In the past, Bioré said it has worked with influencers to discuss and reduce mental health stigmas, as the subject is a top priority for its consumers. 

“This time, however, we did it the wrong way,” the company said. “We lacked sensitivity around an incredibly serious tragedy, and our tonality was completely inappropriate. We are so sorry.”

Max-Brown also apologized on TikTok, writing that the video was intended to spread awareness, not suggest a product fixed the struggles she has experienced as a result of the shooting.

“I did not mean to desensitize the traumatic event that took place as I know the effects that it has had on me and the Spartan community,” she wrote. 

Max-Brown has since removed the initial sponsored video from her account.

See what others are saying: (The New York Times) (NBC News) (The Independent)

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Canada’s WestJet Pilots Give 72-Hour Notice For Strike Amid Wave of American Strike Authorizations 

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“We kept the airline alive during the pandemic. The company is poised to have wild profits going forward and they’re giving us the stiff arm at the table,” said a United Airlines union member to The Washington Post. 


Airline Staffers Ready to Strike

Pilots across North America have been inching towards industry-shaking strikes for the last several weeks. 

Most recently, Canada’s WestJet Airline pilots issued their 72-hour strike notice on Monday. This means a strike could start as early as Friday, potentially leading to major disruptions for travelers over the Victoria Day holiday weekend. 

WestJet pilots are looking for better scheduling and higher pay. Specifically, they want to be paid at a similar rate to their American counterparts.

However, staffers for many American airlines are also ready to fight for higher wages, among other things. Pilots with both Southwest and American Airlines have approved strikes in recent weeks. United Airlines, although they haven’t authorized a strike, spent Friday picketing major airports across the country. Pilots from all three carriers are pushing for higher salaries, better scheduling, and better rules that establish what is expected of each employee on the job. 

All of these pilots are pointing to Delta as an example, which recently ratified a $7 billion contract that will raise the wages of their 15,000 pilots by 34% over 4 years. 

Airline Responses

However, despite the authorizations, an actual walkout is unlikely. In order to legally strike in the U.S., airline workers’ unions have to go through federal mediation with the airlines themselves and that mediator has to decide that negotiation is unproductive and release both sides. Even then, a strike can be blocked by Congress or the president. 

However, these strike authorizations are meant to put further pressure on the airlines to come to the table with their pilots and find some solution. 

“We kept the airline alive during the pandemic. The company is poised to have wild profits going forward and they’re giving us the stiff arm at the table,”  Garth Thompson, chair of the United Master Executive Council of the Air Line Pilots Association, said to the Washington Post.

The response from airlines thus far has been mixed. Southwest said in a statement that the strike authorization vote has absolutely no effect on their operations. Casey Murray, the president of the pilot’s union, said the union will petition mediators to strike because they have been in negotiations with Southwest for more than three years with no solution on the horizon.

American Airlines and its pilots, on the other hand, are much closer to reaching a solution. CEO Robert Isom even said the airline is prepared to match the pay rates of Delta pilots. 

“We remain confident that an agreement for our pilots is within reach and can be finalized quickly,” the airline said in a statement. “The finish line is in sight.”

See what others are saying: (The Washington Post) (AP News) (Reuters

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Dealers are Still Selling Theft-Vulnerable Kia and Hyundais Despite Insurance Companies Refusing to Cover Them 

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“This, again, just seems like a complete debacle — that these companies and these industries are not working together to protect the consumer,” said Reyna Garcia to NPR. 


Kia Boys Challenge 

Dating back to 2021, the viral “Kia Boys” challenge has caused thefts of specific Kia and Hyundai models to skyrocket. After an unanswered plea for recall by more than a dozen state attorney generals, insurance companies have taken the problem into their own hands by refusing coverage to new customers with certain Kia and Hyundai models. 

The “Kia Boys” challenge included videos demonstrating how to hotwire these cars with a USB adaptor in a matter of seconds. 

This type of theft is only possible because the Kia and Hyundai models in question do not have an electronic immobilizer within the vehicle. An electronic immobilizer is a popular piece of anti-theft technology where a computer chip in the engine communicates with a chip in the key to verify a match – and if there is no match, the car does not move.

Officials say that more than 8 million Kias and Hyundais lack an immobilizer and can be stolen using just a USB cable.  

This viral challenge caused a massive uptick in thefts of these vehicles. Minneapolis saw an 836% increase in Kia and Hyundai thefts in 2022 and Chicago saw an 800% increase in thefts over just a month last year.

In April, attorney generals from 17 states and Washington, D.C. sent a letter to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, asking them to recall the models affected by this vulnerability. As of now, no such recall has been enacted. 

Kia and Hyundai are both offering free software updates to fix the problem but there are still countless cars without the update on the market.

Insurance

Major insurance companies like Allstate, Progressive, and State Farm have confirmed that they are not granting new policies for certain Kia and Hyundai models due to their high theft risk. However, this hasn’t stopped used car dealerships from selling these models. 

Reyna Garcia was a victim of this unfortunate situation. She purchased a Kia Forte from a used car dealership only to find, several weeks later, that her Allstate insurance would not cover it. 

She then tried to sell the car back to the dealership but their offer would have put her at a $7,000 loss. Eventually, she found new coverage for her vehicles and home at a rate $150 more expensive than she’d been paying elsewhere.

“I feel super vulnerable. I feel taken advantage of by a dealer. I feel like this is their industry, and they should be knowledgeable about this,” Garcia said to NPR. “And I’m also very frustrated with the insurance industry. All of those things came colliding, and I think the consumer is definitely stuck in the middle.”

She went on to add, “I’m an intelligent person, and I feel very stuck. And the financial loss could be huge. I’m sitting here trying to figure out how I could come up with $19,000 to pay for a car that we can’t drive. This, again, just seems like a complete debacle — that these companies and these industries are not working together to protect the consumer.” 

Kia and Hyundai Response 

Kia and Hyundai are working with some insurance companies to make sure that new customers can get coverage. 

“Kia America regrets the decision by certain insurers and its impact on owners and lessees of select Kia vehicles, which we anticipate will be temporary, “ said Kia spokesperson James Bell in a statement to NPR. “We are in contact with major insurance carriers so they are aware of the actions we have taken and we are actively working with them to ensure our customers have access to quality and comprehensive coverage.”

Hyundai recently announced that they are working with AAA-affiliated insurance companies to offer plans to drivers impacted by the vulnerability. 

However, state governments have also taken notice of the insurance companies’ stall on coverage for these models. The Maryland Insurance Administration recently released a bulletin, telling insurance companies they have to offer coverage in line with rates filed with the state or else companies could be in violation of the law.

See what others are saying: (NPR) (CNN) (Star Tribune

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