• Pope Francis appointed a woman to a management role in the Vatican’s most powerful department for the first time on Wednesday.
• Dr. Francesca Di Giovanni, a Vatican official of 27 years, will now serve as the undersecretary for multilateral affairs in the Secretariat of State. 
• Among other duties, Di Giovanni will oversee the coordination of the Vatican’s relationships with multilateral organizations, including the United Nations. 
• While several other women hold high-ranking positions in the city-state, Di Giovanni’s leadership role in the Vatican’s most powerful branch is unparalleled. 

Appointment of Di Giovanni

Pope Francis made an unprecedented move on Wednesday by appointing a woman for the first time to a managerial position in the Secretariat of State, the most powerful department of the Vatican.

Dr. Francesca Di Giovanni, an Italian lawyer and Vatican official of 27 years, was named the undersecretary for multilateral affairs in the Secretariat of State. Among other responsibilities, Di Giovanni will oversee a division that coordinates the Vatican’s relations with multilateral organizations, including the United Nations.  

“The Holy Father has made an unprecedented decision, certainly, which, beyond myself personally, represents an indication of an attention towards women,” Di Giovanni told the Vatican’s in-house media. 

“But the responsibility is connected to the job, rather than to the fact of being a woman,” she added.

Milestone for Women in Catholic Church

Several women hold leadership positions in other Vatican offices, but the Secretariat of State is the most powerful branch, making Di Giovanni’s career shift extra significant. 

Pope Francis’ appointment of Di Giovanni is the latest development in his ongoing open support of women having more say in the Roman Catholic Church. Currently, women cannot be ordained as priests and the Church’s leadership is almost entirely male-dominated.

On New Year’s Day, the pope expressed praise for womankind. 

“Women are givers and mediators of peace and should be fully included in decision-making processes,” Pope Francis said. “Because when women can share their gifts, the world finds itself more united, more peaceful. Hence, every step forward for women is a step forward for humanity as a whole.”

Di Giovanni referenced these words in her interview with the Vatican News calling them the pope’s “tribute” to the role of women.

“A woman may have certain aptitudes for finding commonalities, healing relationships with unity at heart,” Di Giovanni said. “I hope that my being a woman might reflect itself positively in this task, even if they are gifts that I certainly find in my male colleagues as well.”  

See what others are saying: (Vatican News) (NPR) (BBC)

• Protests broke out across Iran over the weekend after the military admitted that it shot down a Ukrainian airline’s passenger jet, killing 176 people when mistaking it for a hostile aircraft.
• Officials originally said there was no evidence of the plane being struck down by one of their missiles but ultimately admitted fault three days later.
• Protesters are demanding leaders be held accountable. 
• There are reports of tear gas and gunfire being used against demonstrators, but Tehran’s head of police has denied claims of shots being fired.

Backlash from the Plane Strike

Monday marked the third straight day of Iranian protests since Iran’s military admitted it shot down a passenger jet last week, mistaking it for a threat and killing all 176 people on board. 

Videos emerged on Sunday of protesters running from tear gas and in others, which could not be immediately verified, gunfire could be heard.

It has been a tumultuous couple of weeks for Iranians—last week, hundreds of thousands were rallying in the streets to publicly mourn Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani, Iran’s Quds Force commander who was killed by a U.S. drone strike on Jan. 3.

During those rallies, cries of hate against the United States and Donald Trump—who ordered the strike— were heard. This week there is a sharp contrast, as protesters seem to be targeting the Iranian government and military.

According to The Washington Post, demonstrators were filmed late on Sunday in at least two locations ripping down posters of Soleimani. In Iran’s capital, Tehran, a billboard mourning the victims of the plane crash replaced one of the deceased military leader.

In retaliation for Soleimani’s death, Iran fired missiles at an Iraqi military base that houses American troops on Wednesday. The plane was shot down by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps just hours later after taking off from Tehran. 

After maintaining for days that there was no evidence the aircraft was struck down by one of their missiles, Iran admitted that its military had shot down the jet by mistake.

The military initially claimed in a statement that the plane took an unexpected turn that brought it close to a sensitive military base, but an Iranian official later backtracked on that notion. 

“The plane was flying in its normal direction without any error and everybody was doing their job correctly,” Gen. Amir Ali Hajizadeh, commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps’ airspace unit, said on Saturday. “If there was a mistake, it was made by one of our members.”

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani called the incident an “unforgivable mistake” and said that investigations are continuing to “identify and prosecute this great tragedy.”  

A mix of individuals from multiple countries was onboard the aircraft, including dozens of Canadians. Canada’s Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called the incident “a national tragedy” and publicly called for further investigation.

“I want to assure all families and all Canadians: We will not rest until there are answers,” he said at a memorial event on Sunday.

Escalating Protests

Protesters are demanding that leaders be held responsible for the fatal mistake. Iran’s semi-official Fars News Agency reported that up to 1,000 people were protesting at various points in the capital city. Some videos posted to social media show crowds demanding the resignation of Ayatollah Khamenei, the country’s supreme leader.

One of the scenes of protest was the Sharif University of Technology in Tehran, which said that 13 of its students and alumni were killed in the plane crash. Iranian security forces stepped in and escalated the demonstration.

They “started dragging people away. They took a number of people and put them in cages in police vans,” said 35-year-old Soudabeh told The Washington Post, keeping her full name anonymous.

“At one point, the protesters freed one of the men who was detained. I saw his face and it was covered in blood — his family carried him away,” she told the news outlet.

Iran’s security forces have a history of taking extreme action to contain protesters. In November, after protests broke out in response to the spike in Iran’s gas prices, about 1,500 demonstrators were killed by security forces, according to the Trump administration. 

Iranian media quoted Brig. Gen. Hossein Rahimi as saying “Police treated people who had gathered with patience and tolerance,” according to reports by the Associated Press. 

Rahimi denied claims that police were shooting at protesters and said that tear gas was only being used in certain areas.

See what others are saying: (The New York Times) (BBC) (CNN)

• Yusaku Maezawa, a Japanese entrepreneur, is giving away 1 billion yen—about $9.1 million—to 1,000 of his Twitter followers, with each to receive just over $9,000.
• Users had to follow his account and retweet his giveaway announcement post before late Jan. 7 to qualify.
• Maezawa is treating the giveaway as a social experiment and plans to evaluate how money will affect people’s lives and happiness levels.
• Once randomly selected, he will contact the winners directly via a Twitter direct message.

The Giveaway

Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa is giving away 1 billion yen—about $9.1 million—to a randomly-selected group of his Twitter followers to see if the money boosts their happiness.  

The entrepreneur/art collector announced the news of his “serious social experiment” in a tweet on Jan. 1. In the post, he explained that he will be divvying up the money amongst 1,000 people evenly, each person will receive about $9100. 

In order to qualify for the giveaway, Twitter users had to follow Maezawa’s account and retweet his post. They also must be a Japanese resident, and over the age of 13, per Twitter’s Service Terms and Conditions, according to translated rules tweeted by Maezawa. 

Eligible contenders had until just before midnight on Jan. 7 to apply for the money, and over 4.1 million people heeded the call by retweeting the giveaway post. The winners will be drawn randomly and notified by Maezawa via a direct message on Twitter.

Social Experiment

In his initial post, Maezawa linked to a YouTube video in which he describes the experiment. On Friday, he tweeted that he added English subtitles to his YouTube video, writing his hopes viewers can understand the real reason he is doing this giveaway.

In the video, Maezawa explained that he wants to see how this chunk of money will affect people’s lives and if it will give them a chance to be happier. He intends to follow up with the winners via surveys to evaluate if and how their circumstances have changed.

He also encouraged social scientists and economists to contact him if interested in what he is doing. 

Maezawa has likened his experiment to the idea of basic income, the theory of a periodical fixed amount of money distributed to all citizens with no strings attached. Some Twitter users have argued that his giveaway is not the same because he is only distributing money to a relatively small group of people. 

Nonetheless, Maezawa is using his giveaway to propel the conversation about the possibilities of basic income in Japan. 

Additionally, in his YouTube video, he mentioned his giveaway of 100 million yen last year and expressed regrets for not clarifying its purpose at the time or remaining in contact with the people he gave the money to. 

Though Maezawa’s 2019 giveaway had inconclusive results, it did break a record. At the time, his giveaway tweet was the most retweeted ever.

Maezawa made a name for himself by founding Zozotown, Japan’s largest fashion retail website. He also made headlines in 2018 for being the first paying customer on SpaceX’s proposed moon trip.

See what others are saying: (CNN) (NBC) (ABC)